NERI technical report no. 544. Air Quality Monitoring Programme. Annual Summary for 2004. Kemp, K., Ellermann, T., Palmgren, F., Wåhlin, P., Berkowicz, R. & Brandt, J. 2005. 66 pp.
Summary and Conclusion
The Danish Air Quality Monitoring Programme (LMP IV) has been revised and is still under revision in accordance with the Framework Directive and the four daughter directives of SO2, NOx/NO2, PM10, lead, benzene, CO, ozone, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The data sets for year 2004 are almost complete for most stations. The monitoring programme consists of 10 stations. Also results from one station under the Municipality of Copenhagen are included in this report.
The limit value + the margin of tolerance for the annual average of NO2 (52 µg/m3 in 2004) was touched, but not exceeded. The limit value (to be complied with in 2010) of the annual average of NO2 was in 2004 exceeded at three street stations. The NO2 concentrations seem to have been stabilised during the last five years after several years of decrease.
The ozone level was in 2004 - more or less - the same at all rural and urban background stations and no clear trend is observed. The information threshold of 180 µg/m3 was not exceeded. The target values were not exceeded, but the long-term objectives of max 8 hours on 120 µg/m3 were exceeded at all urban background and rural stations. The long term objective for AOT40 at 6000 µg/m3 *hours were exceeded in a few cases. The O3 pollution in Denmark is to a large extent caused by emissions in other European countries.
The limit value + margin of tolerance for the 35th highest daily average value for PM10 (55 µg/m3 for 2004) was exceeded at one station. The limit value itself at 50 µg/m3 to be complied with in 2005, was in 2004 exceeded at 2 out of 5 street stations. At all stations the indicative limits values for PM10, supposed to be met in 2010, (annual average value at 20 µg/m3 and 50 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 7 times per year) were exceeded at almost all stations (including the rural station Keldsnor/9055). Emission in other European countries contributes significantly to the PM10 levels in Denmark.
The SO2 and lead levels have been decreasing for more than two decades and are far below the limit values. The limit values for benzene and CO are not exceeded and the levels have been decreasing for the last decade.
The concentrations were in 2004 in general lower than in 2003 – probably mainly due to meteorological conditions. One exceedance of the limit value + margin of tolerance occurred for the PM10 limit not to be exceeded more than 35 times a calendar year.
A supplementary assessment of the air quality has been carried out using NERI’s air quality models in the agglomerations Copenhagen and Aalborg. The assessment was performed for NOx/NO2, CO and O3 in urban background and in selected streets, 138 streets in Copenhagen and 10 streets in Aalborg. Modelling was also performed for PM10/PM2.5 in Copenhagen. The model results give an overview of the air pollution over the urban areas and in many streets.
The modelling data of annual averages at urban background show good agreement with measurement data from the corresponding monitoring stations for the gaseous pollutants in Copenhagen as well as in Aalborg, within + 15%. The PM10 model results, which only were available for Copenhagen, are more uncertain, mainly due to uncertain emission factors. The modelling results for the streets are also in acceptable agreement with the available measurement data.
The model results for 3-5 streets in Copenhagen show 10-50% higher concentrations than measured at the most polluted street station (H.C. Andersens Boulevard). Direct comparison between measurements and model results in streets in Aalborg is not possible, because model calculations were not made for the location of the measurement station (Vesterbro at Limfjordsbroen). The model results show that most of the streets in Aalborg are less polluted than at the measurement location, and no locations show significantly higher pollution.
Actual data, quarterly reports, annual and multi-annual summaries are available at the WebPages of NERI (luft.dmu.dk).
Full report in pdf format (1.981 kB).
